Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

A Comprehensive Overview of Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

A non-invasive test to check the working of lungs. The Pulmonary function test (PFT) measures the lung volume, capacity, flow rate and gas exchange. The diagnosis helps the healthcare provider identify and choose line of treatment for the particular lung disorder. The Pulmonary function test (PFT) is a very convenient and reliable operation.

This test measures how well the lungs take in and release air, also it checks the circulation of gases such as oxygen from atmosphere into the body.

Overview of the Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT)

The test helps analyse the productivity of lungs. It examines how proficiently the lungs function and provide sufficient amount of oxygen to other body parts. The test is done for individuals facing lung or breathing issues, individuals who are constantly exposed to harmful emissions such dust, pollen, or pollution in working environment. There are two types of lung disorder that need to be treated or diagnosed, Obstructive and Restrictive. Obstructive disorder, this occurs when air has trouble when flowing out of lungs due to airway resistance, this is because of decreased air flow. Restrictive disorder, this arises when lung tissue or chest muscle cannot enlarge enough. This creates problem with air current to flow through lungs mostly due to lower lung volume.           

Types of Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

To treat the two disorders there are two procedures. These two procedures may be used to perform different types of test depending on the disorder. Spirometry and Plethysmography. A spirometer is a gadget with a mouthpiece connected to a little electronic machine. Plethysmography is a test where the patient needs to sit or stand inside air-tight box that is similar to a short square type of telephone-booth.

Procedure:

The procedure takes only few hours or a day depending on the illness. However, the procedure may vary depending patient’s condition. Under pre-procedure a patient is asked to loosen or remove the jewellery, also if the patient is wearing dentures that also need to be detached. Also the patient needs to empty their bladder. Later the patient is asked to sit on a chair and a soft clip is attached to the nose as breathing is done through nose and mouth. Here a sterilised mouth piece is given which is attached to spirometer. With closed mouth the patient has to inhale and exhale in diverse methods. Additionally, the patient is observed under anaesthesia.

Benefits of Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT): 

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are a group of non-invasive diagnostic tests that assess how well your lungs are functioning. These tests provide valuable information about your lung health and can be helpful in diagnosing various respiratory conditions. Here are some benefits of pulmonary function tests:

 Diagnosis of Respiratory Conditions: PFTs can help diagnose a wide range of respiratory conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and lung infections. The test results provide quantitative measurements that help doctors determine the presence and severity of these conditions.

 Assessment of Lung Function: PFTs measure various aspects of lung function, including lung volumes, capacities, flow rates, and gas exchange. These measurements help healthcare professionals understand how effectively your lungs are moving air in and out and how well your lungs are transferring oxygen into the bloodstream.

 Baseline Measurements: PFTs can establish baseline measurements of lung function. These baseline values are useful for monitoring changes over time, especially in individuals with chronic lung conditions. Comparing current results with baseline values helps doctors track disease progression and treatment effectiveness.

 Treatment Planning: PFT results aid in developing personalized treatment plans. For example, they can help determine the appropriate medications, inhaler techniques, or pulmonary rehabilitation exercises for patients with conditions like asthma or COPD. This targeted approach can improve symptom management and overall quality of life.

 Preoperative Assessment: Before undergoing surgery, especially those involving the chest or general anesthesia, PFTs can help assess a patient's lung function. This information guides the surgical team in making informed decisions and managing potential complications related to anesthesia and ventilation.

 Monitoring Progress: PFTs are useful for monitoring how well a patient is responding to treatment. By comparing PFT results taken before and after a specific intervention, doctors can assess whether the treatment is effective or needs adjustment.

 Research and Clinical Trials: Pulmonary function tests are valuable tools in clinical research and trials. They provide objective data that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of new medications, therapies, or interventions targeting various respiratory conditions.

 Early Detection: In some cases, PFTs can detect lung abnormalities even before symptoms become noticeable. Early detection of lung function decline or abnormalities can lead to earlier interventions, potentially preventing or slowing down the progression of certain respiratory diseases.

 Fitness-to-Work Assessments: For certain professions that require good lung function, such as pilots or firefighters, PFTs can be used to assess an individual's fitness to perform their job safely.

 Documentation for Disability Claims: PFT results can provide objective evidence for disability claims in cases where respiratory conditions significantly impair a person's ability to work or perform daily activities.

It's important to note that while PFTs offer numerous benefits, they are just one part of a comprehensive diagnostic and treatment plan. Interpretation of PFT results should always be done by a qualified healthcare professional in the context of a patient's medical history and clinical presentation.