HSG Test

Navigating the Spectrum of Fertility

With HSG Test

The Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) test is a diagnostic procedure that is generally used to assess the health and wellness of a woman’s fallopian tubes and determine the shape of the uterine cavity. It is usually performed as part of the infertility assessment to determine the causes and reasons for potential fertility complications. The test is often performed to accurately identify potential blockages, abnormalities in uterine tissue or fallopian tubes, or structural issues that can lead to an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. It’s a non-invasive test often performed to get correct diagnosis for potential fertility issues through a comprehensive screening of the reproductive system.

Overview of the Key Aspects of the HSG Test

Importance of HSG Test: 

HSG test is an essential diagnostic tool that enables healthcare providers to understand and manage conditions that can affect a woman’s ability to conceive and carry pregnancy to the term. One of the major reasons for HSG test evaluation is to screen and determine if the fallopian tubes are open and functioning properly. Blocked fallopian tubes often hinder the eggs from reaching the sperms, thereby leading to infertility. It also provides detailed insight into the uterine cavity structure and can detect any abnormality such as polyps, unusual growth structures, fibroids, adhesions, or congenital abnormalities.

Procedure: 

●       The test is often scheduled after the menstrual period is over and before the ovulation begins.

●       Patients may be advised to take a mild pain reliever before the procedure to avoid any pain or discomfort.

●       On the day of the test, patients may be advised to wear comfortable and loose fitting clothing or asked to change into hospital gowns.

●       Patients are then made to lie down on the table similarly to a pelvic exam and the feet are then placed in the stirrups to keep legs in the proper position.

●       A speculum is then gently inserted into the vaginal canal to examine and screen the cervix.

●       A thin, flexible catheter is then inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity. Some patients might experience discomfort or cramps at this stage and are advised to communicate with their healthcare provider right away.

●       A constant medium is then slowly injected into the catheter into the uterus. After it is injected into the uterus, the contrast medium will also enter the fallopian tubes if they are open.

●       X-ray images are then taken in real-time after the contrast medium enters the uterus and fallopian tubes. This allows the healthcare provider to determine the health of fallopian tubes and shape of the uterine cavity.

●       The X-ray images are then processed, reviewed, and interpreted by radiologist and healthcare providers to determine the result.

●       After the images are taken, the catheter is gently removed and the patients are advised to get back into their normal clothes.

●       If any discomfort is observed during the procedure, the patients are advised to rest as it will reduced within some time.

●       The healthcare provider will then discuss the results with the patients.

Benefits: 

●       Accurately evaluates the fallopian tubes and their functionality

●       Detects any abnormalities or blockages in the fallopian tubes that can cause infertility

●       Provides valuable insights into uterine cavity and can detect uterine abnormalities

●       HSG test can help in guiding decisions about appropriate fertility treatments such as IVF or other interventions

●       Can detect abnormalities in the reproductive tracts at early stages to enable timely and personalised treatment strategies

●       Helps in guiding and determining the need for specific  surgical interventions depending on the abnormalities seen

If the patient is sensitive or allergic to iodine or any other contrast dye, it is advisable to inform the healthcare provider in advance to find alternative screening options. Patients must share their complete medical history including the medications they are currently on to ensure accuracy of the test. Patients are advised to refrain from sexual activity and from using tampons, douches, or vaginal creams from a few days before the procedure is scheduled to minimise the risk of infection. Patients must inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant, might be pregnant or are breastfeeding as the test involves a low dose of X-rays and may require proper precautions.